Your AWS Bill Has a Line Item Called "Data Transfer." It's Not Small.

AWS Egress, 25 TB/month $2,250 Per month. Just for outbound bits.
OpenVPN TCP Penalty ∏?0% TCP-over-TCP retransmission catastrophe.

DNS Propagation Time Estimator

You changed the A record. Singapore still sees the old IP. Model propagation across 8 resolver populations — Google DNS, Cloudflare, Quad9, OpenDNS, and ISP defaults. TTL, cache policy, and geography all factored in.

Resolver-by-Resolver Timing Model →

AWS Egress Cost Estimator

25 TB out. $0.09/GB. $2,250/month before you've served a single request. Model the data-transfer death spiral before your architecture locks you in.

Egress Cost Projector → AWS Egress Cost Estimator

25 TB out. $0.09/GB. $2,250/month before you've served a single request. Model the data-transfer death spiral before your architecture locks you in.

Egress Cost Projector →

Concurrent Users →Bandwidth

5K users, 2 Mbps each = 10 Gbps origin pipe. Before the CDN edge, before the load balancer. Size the origin or watch it crumple under launch-day traffic.

Users →Bandwidth Modeler →

CDN Edge Offload

10M requests. 90% cached = 9M from edge, 1M hit origin. Every cache-hit percentage point is dollars. Model the savings curve.

CDN Offload Calculator →

VPN Throughput Degradation

WireGuard: 4.2% overhead. IPsec: 8–15%. OpenVPN TCP: up to 30% from TCP-over-TCP retransmission catastrophe. Pick the protocol, pay the tax.

VPN Degradation Analyzer →

Streaming Bandwidth & CDN Cost

10K viewers × 6 Mbps 1080p HLS × 2.5× peak factor = 150 Gbps. Model the multi-bitrate ladder, protocol overhead, and monthly egress cost across 5 CDNs. The math that decides whether your live event budget works.

Streaming Bandwidth Calculator →

ALB vs NLB Cost →Per LCU

Model AWS Application vs Network Load Balancer monthly cost by LCU: new connections, active connections, bandwidth, rule evaluations. You pay for the max dimension, not the sum. See ALB vs NLB head to head.

ALB / NLB Cost Engine →

Cross-AZ Data Transfer Cost

Model AWS cross-Availability-Zone transfer at $0.01/GB per direction. Request volume → monthly east-west GB, AZ-affinity savings, scenario presets.

Model your AZ boundary →

IP Subnet / CIDR Calculator

Turn a CIDR prefix into the numbers you actually configure: network address, broadcast, first and last usable host, total hosts, and wildcard mask. Binary breakdown included, plus VLSM splitting when a single block is not enough.

Split & Inspect Subnet →

📰 Deep dives on this topic

The LCU Trap: You Pay the Max Dimension, Not Bandwidth

ALB/NLB bill by LCU — you pay the MAX dimension, not the sum. One connection-heavy workload: NLB is 4.6× cheaper than ALB. Five 2026 workload profiles modeled.

Read the briefing →

The AZ Tax: Your East-West Bill Is $5K/Month

Cross-AZ traffic costs $0.02/GB round trip and never appears on the bill. A 10K rps app burns ~$5,013/month east-west. Every free/paid boundary mapped.

Read the briefing →

Bitrate Ladder Racket: 1080p That Bills Like 4K

A 6 Mbps ABR ladder peaks at 12–15 Mbps; HLS adds 15%; DVR, ads and multi-CDN multiply egress to 3× nominal. The bitrate ladder math inside.

Read the briefing →

VPN Overhead Encyclopedia: WireGuard vs IPsec

Measured per-packet overhead: WireGuard loses 4.2%, OpenVPN TCP up to 30%. Formula, MTU interaction, TCP-over-TCP meltdown explained.

Read the briefing →

The Post-Human Web: AI Bots Eclipse Humans (2026)

Bots are 53% of web traffic (Imperva 2026); AI crawlers up 300% YoY; egress costs doubled. What infrastructure operators must do now.

Read the briefing →

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